Agriculture

Introduction

Madhya Pradesh is an agrarian economy with 35% share of GVA coming from primary sector, especially agriculture and allied sector. Around 152.05 lakh ha land (49.43% of total land) in the state out of total 307.56 lakh ha is under cultivation (upto 2018-19). Madhya Pradesh is known as ‘Soya Pradesh’ as around 60% of the national production is in the state. The State is blessed with 11 agro-ecological zones providing ecological support system for production of unique crops and varieties.

As per Agriculture statistics at a glance of MoA& FW, GoI, Madhya Pradesh holds the first rank in production of pulses (32% of national share),& oilseeds (22% of national share) and second position in production of food grains (12% national share).

Land Utilization

S.No	Particulars	Area (lakh Hectare)
1	Geographical Area	307.56
2	Gross Cropped Area (GCA)	261.15
3	% of Gross Cropped Area to total area	84.91
4	Net Sown Area (NSA)	152.05
5	Crop Intensity % (GCA/NSA)	1.72
6	Double Crop Area	99.23
7	Net Irrigated Area	115.35
8	Net Irrigated Area % to Net Sown Area	75.86
9	Net Sown Area % to Gross Cropped Area	58.22
10	% of Small & Marginal farmers to total farmers	75.56
11	Average land holdings (Hectare)	1.57

Distribution of Land Holdings

Particulars	Numbers (lakh)	% to total number	Area (lakh Ha)	% to total area
Marginal (Below 1.0 ha)	48.35	48.33	23.72	15.14
Small (1.0 ha to 2.0 ha)	27.25	27.24	38.36	24.48
Small & Marginal	75.60	75.56	62.08	39.61
Semi Medium (2.0 ha to 4.0 ha)	16.74	16.73	45.22	28.86
Medium (4.0 ha to 10.0 ha)	7.07	7.07	40.08	25.58
Large (above 10.0 ha)	0.63	0.63	9.33	5.95
Total	100.04	100.00	156.71	100.00

Source- Agriculture Census 2015-16

Irrigation

Particulars	Numbers (lakh Hectare)	% to total
Area irrigated by canal	19.64	17.03
Area irrigated by tanks	2.85	2.47
Area irrigated by wells & tube well	79.03	68.51
Other sources	13.83	11.99
Total	115.35	100.00

Source- Farmers Welfare & Development Dept, GoMP

River

There are 10 rivers originating from Madhya Pradesh. Of which, Narmada is the major River, which originates from Amarkantak and flows from east to west and joins Arabian Sea.
Tapti and Mahi Rivers flow from east to west and joins Arabian Sea.
Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken flow northward and meet with Yamuna
Sone River falls directly into Ganges.
Wainganga and Pench rivers meet Godawari in the South.

Area, Production & Productivity of crops 2018-19

Crops	Area (lakh Hectare)	Production (lakh MT)	Production Kg/Ha
Kharif	132.97	234.76	1765
Rabi	116.7	298.81	2560
Zaid	2.71	4.20	1549
Total	252.38	537.77	2131

Source- Farmers Welfare & Development Dept, GoMP

Area and Production of major crops 2018-19

Crops	Area (lakh Hectare)	Production (lakh)
Paddy	28.12	79.26
Wheat	72.22	252.76
Maize	12.67	41.33
Gram	31.03	39.97
Soyabean	54.19	58.09
Mustard	7.07	10.41
Sugarcane	1.08	5.28
Cotton	4.55	8.79

Source- Economic Survey of M.P. 2020-21

Agriculture Market

Madhya Pradesh has 557 regulated markets, of which 259 are wholesale Market (Krishi Upaj Mandis), and 298 Sub Mandis. The Madhya Pradesh State Agricultural Marketing Board is coordinating the implementation of eNAM i.e. electronic portal of National Agriculture Market. 80 Mandis are live on e-NAM in the State.